Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765 – 1833) was a French inventor. He was one of the inventors of photography and a pioneer in the field. He is most notable for producing the first photographs, dating to the 1820s. Joseph Niépce was born on March 7, 1765 in Chalon-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire. He took what is believed to be the world’s first photoetching, in 1822, of an engraving of Pope Pius VII, but the original was later destroyed when he attempted to duplicate it.Niépce also experimented with silver chloride, which darkens when exposed to light, but eventually looked to bitumen, which he used in his first successful attempt at capturing nature photographically. He dissolved bitumen in lavender oil, a solvent often used in varnishes, and coated the sheet of pewter with this light capturing mixture. He placed the sheet inside a camera obscura to capture the picture, and eight hours later removed it and washed it with lavender oil to remove the unexposed bitumen.
Nicephore Niepce's early photograph
In 1829 he began collaborating on improved photographic processes with Louis Daguerre, and together they developed the physautotype, a process that used lavender oil. The partnership lasted until Niépce’s death in 1833. Daguerre continued with experimentation, eventually developing a process that little resembled that of Niepce. He named this the "Daguerreotype", after himself.
Nicephore Niepce's early photograph
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
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